Did you know that some nail polishes can change color? Here's the science of how that is possible.
There are all types of things that present opportunities to teach about science. This afternoon my wife's trip to the nail salon is one of them. In a social media post at the nail salon she said,"Color changing! This should be fun if it actually works." I was immediately curious because I was not familiar with this at all, and my wife is pretty diligent about her nail care.
. My hunch was that the science of how this happens might involve my area of expertise, atmospheric science. I was right.The basic premise is that the nail polish looks one color inside but changes color when exposed to sunlight or heat. How does that work? In order to explain, I have to introduce something called the electromagnetic spectrum.
Electromagnetic energy travels in waves and spans a broad spectrum from very long radio waves to very short gamma rays. The human eye can only detect only a small portion of this spectrum called visible light. A radio detects a different portion of the spectrum, and an x-ray machine uses yet another portion. NASA's scientific instruments use the full range of the electromagnetic spectrum to study the Earth, the solar system, and the universe beyond.
As you can see in the graphic below, the electromagnetic spectrum is a part of many aspects of our lives. The Sun is the star that powers our solar system and its energy is important for life on Earth. Because of the Sun's temperature, the peak intensity of electromagnetic energy from the Sun is in the form of visible energy. Our eyes can see a narrow portion of those wavelengths. The Sun also emits a good portion of its energy at Infrared wavelengths.
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