The tiny bacteria that live inside our guts have an ingenious way of withstanding the antibiotics we throw at them, according to a new report in the journal Science
that maintains a bacterium’s all-important cell wall. Others rob bacteria of the proteins they need to carry out essential functions or damage the DNA needed to reproduce.
So scientists are racing to understand superbugs’ tactics. Among the most urgent questions is this: How does antibiotic resistance spread between bacteria cells, even — or especially — in the presence of antibiotics that are designed to knock them back? Bacteria cells with an antibiotic resistance gene share DNA with other bacteria cells that lack the gene . After the DNA has been transfered and used to make a drug-resistant protein, the previously red cells turn green.
That’s especially true for something called the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump, which sits on the cell’s outer membrane and ejects various toxic antibiotics that have invaded the cell’s interior. Then that TetA protein took the reins in sustaining the newly drug-resistant cell, which went on to grow and multiply.
For one, the findings hint at the collateral damage from our century-old approach to fighting bacterial infections in humans. Overusing drugs has not only lead to failed treatments, but also has fueled the rise of newly resistant bacterial strains that come to life right in our digestive tracts.A bacterial sample at left contains carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, able to grow despite the presence of an antibiotic.
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